Understanding Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children

If your child is struggling with sleep, it’s important to explore every possible cause—including underlying medical conditions. As sleep consultants, one of the first things we ask about is breathing. If there’s even a hint of concern, we encourage families to consult their healthcare provider for further evaluation. One condition that can fly under the radar is sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).

What Is Sleep-Disordered Breathing?

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) refers to a range of conditions that disrupt normal breathing during sleep, from mild snoring to more severe issues like obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). These conditions can significantly reduce sleep quality and lead to behavioral, cognitive, and emotional challenges in children.

For children with neurodevelopmental conditions or special needs, the overlap between SDB and other sleep disturbances can be especially challenging, affecting their development and day-to-day well-being.

How Common Is SDB in Children?

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is surprisingly common, affecting about 11% of children, with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)—a more severe form—occurring in 1–5%. Unlike adults, children with OSA often experience symptoms due to anatomical factors like enlarged tonsils or adenoids, which can sometimes be effectively treated through surgical removal. For some children, SDB may improve naturally with age. Children with special needs and neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are particularly vulnerable to SDB due to factors like hypotonia (low muscle tone), which makes it harder for airways to stay open; joint hypermobility, which further compromises airway function; and co-occurring obesity, which exacerbates breathing difficulties. This combination can intensify challenges, leading to more significant behavioral, emotional, and developmental impacts.

Snoring: When to Be Concerned

Occasional snoring is common and usually harmless. However, chronic snoring—occurring more than three nights a week—can be a sign of a sleep-related breathing disorder. Look out for symptoms like:

• Daytime sleepiness
• Morning headaches
• Teeth grinding
• Recent weight gain

If these signs accompany your child’s snoring, it’s time to speak with your healthcare provider. Early intervention can make a big difference.

The Hidden Impact of Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB)

SDB doesn’t just affect your child’s sleep—it impacts their entire day. Interrupted breathing during sleep causes two main problems: low oxygen levels (hypoxia), which interfere with memory and focus, and sleep fragmentation, which leads to irritability and hyperactivity. These disruptions can take a toll on your child’s behavior, mood, and ability to learn. In fact, research suggests that treating SDB could reduce up to 20% of neurobehavioral challenges in children.

Early Intervention and a Collaborative Approach to Managing SDB

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) can have far-reaching effects on your child’s health and development if left untreated. It’s linked to long-term issues like cognitive delays, mood disorders, and even cardiovascular risks. For children with neurodevelopmental conditions and special needs, the impact is even more significant, adding to the challenges they already face. However, early intervention can help, by improving sleep quality, reducing behavioral struggles, and enhancing overall well-being.

Addressing SDB often requires a collaborative approach, and there are several effective strategies to consider:

• Surgical Interventions: For children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), removing enlarged tonsils and adenoids through adenotonsillectomy can significantly improve breathing, behavior, and sleep.
  
• Weight Management: Achieving a healthy weight can help reduce the severity of SDB, particularly for children with obesity.
  
• Physical Therapy: Strengthening the muscles around the airway can support better breathing during sleep.
  
• Early Screening: Identifying SDB as early as possible is crucial, especially for children with ASD. Proactive screening can lead to timely interventions and better outcomes.
  

If you suspect your child might be dealing with SDB, don’t wait. Reach out to your healthcare provider.

Conclusion

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a condition that goes beyond disrupted sleep—it can influence your child’s behavior, learning, and overall well-being. For children with neurodevelopmental conditions or special needs, recognizing and addressing SDB early can have a significant positive impact. By taking a proactive approach, involving the right specialists, and exploring effective treatments, you can help your child experience better sleep and improved daily functioning. Restful nights and brighter days are achievable with the right care and support.